Bansonyi Essays - Hardstone Carving, Chinese Culture, Jade

Bansonyi Workmanship can be utilized to examine the movement of a human progress through time. Craftsmanship is normally used to communicate one's convictions strictly, strategically, and in some cases as a wellspring of correspondence, which is practiced through symbolism. Images in centerpieces can be identified with nature and myths.1 From the earliest starting point of Chinese history, craftsmanship and theory worked inseparably with the formation of a gem. Chinese workmanship was utilized as proof of a individual's conduct and disposition towards nature and different creatures (for example the more pleasant the composition the better the person.)2 During the seventh and eighth hundreds of years Chinese workmanship was at its pinnacle. China as of now was under the ward of the T'ang Dynasty. In view of the delightful work being made China turned into a worldwide society. Artistic creations and models were not by any means the only works that China would get appreciation for. Their music and writing (sonnets which once in a while clarified show-stoppers) were additionally at their most extravagant points,3 T'ang workmanship has unique power, authenticity, respect... There is a confidence, a vitality, a straight to the point acknowledgment of unmistakable reality which gives a similar character to all T'ang workmanship, regardless of whether it be the most astonishing fresco from the hand of an ace or the humblest burial chamber doll made by the town potter. (Sullivan 160) When a bit of aesthetic work was viewed as acceptable all that truly made a difference was the measure of exertion that went into the piece and not the determination of the individual's monetary class. Scant materials were utilized all the time in the creation of Chinese ancient rarities. One of the adage well known and worshipped stones utilized was Jade, which was hard and indestructible. Jade can't be found in China; it was exchanged with Burma, which is situated on the external edge of China, so it is astonishing to realize how much work was finished with it in the 600 and 700 time. Jade was typically utilized in internments in the fixing of the openings of the body. This mineral was additionally perceived for having a delightful resounding tone. Jade was cut by pummeling it with the help of a rough powder, an ability that was changed from the Shang specialists from their Neolithic craftsmen.4 The fine work on the Emerald was done using a wire saw for fine subtleties. At that point it is smoothed with a cleaning wheel.5 during the time spent working with Jade the craftsman would need to frame a regard incited connection among self and the material. At the point when the craftsman initially gets the material he would not start to cut in light of the fact that the shape, extents, and beautification of the piece would depend on strict service. Specialists would some of the time study a bit of Jade for some a long time before choosing how to manage it. Jade arrives in a cluster hues running from yellow to brown and from light green to brilliant green, dark and dim purple also, those of the most noteworthy worth were white. Each shade of Jade had a particular order, for example, ink dark, day off, green, ocean green, grass green, vermilion red and lamb fat. Green stones in Chinese culture are esteemed for having mending powers. That was my principle purpose behind having such an intrigue in relics produced using green minerals.6 The piece I decided to contemplate is known as the Nine Elders of the Huichang, Mountain Scene of the praised assembling in 845 C.E. The Jade utilized is green nephrite from Hotan. This piece sits in the Peking Royal residence Museum. It stands 4 ft. high, 3 ft. wide and weighs 1,830 pounds. This piece was finished in 1786 with the expansion of a sonnet engraved on the rear of the doll by the Qianlong sovereign. The frontal view represents a scene of the first and second older folks playing chess in the gazebo and the third senior watching. Underneath that a little worker kid is bubbling water for tea. The fourth also, fifth seniors are speaking and walking around the extension, trailed by another kid worker. The staying four seniors can be seen on the opposite side of the representation. The 6th senior has his hand on a kid's head and they are both retaining the excellence of nature. The seventh senior is strolling with the help of a bamboo stick and his kid chaperon is following behind him. The eighth prevalent is playing a string instrument called a Qin making music for the listening delight of the ninth senior and his kid servant.7 I was attracted to this piece since it contained such incredible detail and imagery. This ancient rarity appears the

History of Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Planning - Essay Example (National Planning Policy Framework), lodging methodology and Localism Act were acquainted driving with more consistence with ecological equity, accessibility of government motivators for home organizers and developers (Bryson and Bryson, 2004). Common War and the ensuing modern insurgency came about to changes in U.S settlement and other social angles. New innovations rose and prompted development of businesses, immense urban communities, and heightening in modern specialists. Disparagingly, urban communities developed with modest arranging. Decisions with respect to development and land use were in the hands of manufacturers, designers, singular landowners who were out to make colossal benefits and thusly left minimal open space for extension. Natural corruption upsurged while designers just centered around financial advancement to the detriment of the presence of a maintainable situation. By the end of the boondocks a remarkable American culture had been made. Americans got clever, built up quality and jagged independence that sustained vote based system. Rather than capitulating to urban issues in the conniving urban areas, the poor considered moving toward the west which they saw to be sheltered. Individuals began livin g near nature and sterilize it of civilization’s debasement (Bryson and Bryson, 2004). The antiquated wild forebodingly improved. Because of expanded land request, Americans wanted to investigate the internet and space and John F. Kennedy was resolved to determine the arranging issues confronting Americans while pioneers, for example, Chief Joseph, Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull and Geronimo strived to oppose such changes. Cases over the best arranging and use of land have consistently existed. For example, on account of Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co, Euclid detailed a zoning mandate that partitioned the land into segments that should have been utilized for specific purposes (Bryson and Bryson, 2004). While Euclid reserved the option to control and utilize the property, it abused Ambler’s fourteenth Amendment arrangement

Batman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Batman - Research Paper Example He is a hero with enough disadvantages to be commendable a sufficient basic man. Truth be told it is this flawed nature that makes him charming and recognizable with each individual who prefers the character. In spite of the fact that batman has changed on numerous occasions since his creation, he despite everything figures out how to keep up his wannabe status unfailingly. Batman was made path in 1939 following the achievement of the Superman. Sway Kane and Bill Finger made the character initially. There are a few reprobates to give him an intense time beginning from his main opponent Joker to Penguin, Ra's al Ghul, Scarecrow and Riddler. He is the main superhuman to battle an association of ladies super scalawags like Poison Ivy, Catwomen, Talia al Ghul and so on. Batman lives under the character of mogul Bruce Wayne in the anecdotal Gotham city. He is a playboy mogul, committing a few errors and squandering one possibility after another in his life. His solitary rest lies in accom plishing something useful for the world. Batman’s goodness keeps him from murdering the insidious individuals. He rather points in decimating only the malice in them. This makes him assume the fault for a few homicides, lose his cherished ones and render him powerless when his dear companions are in unusual need. What's more, the most exceedingly awful part is he is compelled to change his ways without wanting to in murdering or hurting the scalawags, when it is past the point of no return. Every arrangement of Batman which rose over the previous century featured his moral issues, late choices and flawed character building up him unequivocally as a screw-up. Joker and the Batman Joker is a trivial cheat set up to get shot by his own manager for taking part in an extramarital entanglements with his fancy woman. Batman attempts to spare him from death and handover him to the hands of the law. Be that as it may, he is dropped into a compound manufacturing plant unintentionally w hich transforms him into a monstrous insane person looking like a joker with white skin and green hair. He reprimands Batman for his evil destiny and turns into his principle rival. Batman himself has an individual retribution with him, as Joker had killed his folks before his eyes when he was a kid. The episode roused him to make a vow on his parent’s grave expressing he will consistently battle to build up equity in Gotham city. Batman just attempts to incapacitate Joker in a few occasions regardless of his own retribution. Be that as it may, each time, he figures out how to cause more mischief than anything. He deadens batman’s companion, murders Rachel, changes Dent into a scalawag and goes on relentless. He powers Batman to the skirt of killing him each time, yet escapes at long last (Robert, 2008). Batman then again fears there won't be any distinction among him and Joker in the event that he totally executed him. Batman fears he doesn't reserve the option to exe cute or hurt anybody, yet can just shield the powerless. Joker character is the direct inverse of Batman. He determines joy in hurting individuals. He just can't live without perpetrating a type of agony to other people. As he himself says in the film â€Å"you won't execute me out of some lost feeling of grandiosity. Also, I won't slaughter you since you're simply an excessive amount of fun. I think you and I are bound to do this forever†. The connection among Batman and the Joker is like that of day and night. One can't exist without another. It takes a Joker to shield Batman from getting discouraged with defenselessness and blame. It takes a Batman for Joker to keep him in line. In spite of the fact that Joker is considered as the unmistakable antagonist of the Batman arrangement he is viewed as the outrageous

Free PESTLE Essays and Papers Pdf - Free Essay Example

Tags: PESTLE Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, PEST Analysis Introduction A PESTLE analysis provides and analysis of six of the key macro level factors which affect a business and the decision which it makes (Grant, 2008). This assignment will apply the relevant factors within the PESTLE framework to the international clothing retailer Next and its subsidiaries. Data upon which the assignment is based comes from a variety of sources including the companys annual report (Next, 2012) and released and well as information from the academic and business press. In order to give the assignment a greater level of focus, the report will be limited to an analysis of the external environment in the UK. Political There are a wide range of political factors which affect Next at present but also factors which may have an impact upon the company in the future. One key political decision which affects Next in the UK is the rate of tax levied by the government. This has the ability to affect both the bottom line of the company in the form of corporation tax but also the ability of customers to spend with next, linked to income tax. At present, levels of corporation tax in the UK have been lowered in order to attempt to stimulate economic activity (Telegraph, 2012). However, given the continuing deficit, there is no guarantee that governments in the future will maintain the rate of corporation tax at its current level. Other key political decisions consider interest rates. At present, UK interest rates stand at an all-time low of 0.5% (BoE, 2010). This may be seen as a positive factor for firms such as Next who are effectively able to borrow large amounts of money for the purposes of capi tal expansion at much lower rates than have been previously seen. Such borrowing may take place in the form of long term borrowings from banks and financial institutions, alternatively the company may choose to issue corporate bonds (Arnold, 2008). Other political issues relate to the governments relatively arms length approach to Europe and remaining outside of the single currency area (FT, 2012). For a UK based business such as Next that has international operations in the Euro Zone, this could be seen as negative with the prospect of foreign exchange rate risks being felt and the introduction of additional transaction costs which would be eliminated if the government decided to join the Euro Zone. From a more general perspective, the UK political system based upon parliamentary democracy may be seen as providing Next with a relatively low risk political environment in which to operate within (CIA, 2013). This may be seen as an advantage in comparison some of Nexts ven tures into potentially less stable political nations such as Russia and those of the Middle East. As such, this makes the UK a relatively safe market for Next to make further long term capital investments in where the company may think twice in the case of less stable political environments. Economic A critical factor which may have an impact upon Next in the UK is the current state of the economic environment. As a business which makes use of a premium based differentiated strategy, as opposed to being a cost leader, it may be seen that swings within the economic environment have the ability to impact the fortunes of the company to a greater degree than those operating in the necessity and budget sector of the market (Johnson et al, 2008). From a purely statistical perspective, the years since 2007 have been an economic rollercoaster for the UK. Following the onset of the global financial crisis in 2007, the subsequent year saw GDP growth revert to negative figures with -1% contraction in the economy. This was followed by even worse performance in 2009 with a -4% contraction. Low levels of growth have been seen since in 2010 and 2011 with GDP growth of 1.8% and 0.8% respectively (World Bank, 2013). However, while the statistics show a slight recovery in 2010 and 2011, others within the business press (BBC News, 2012) indicate that the UK economy could continue to flat line or worse result in a double dip recession. These headline figures may seem to paint quite a negative picture for retailers such as Next which are highly reliant on the UK economy as a source of revenue. However, an analysis of more detailed economic data may highlight a different perspective. Tutt (2012) presents data which looks at the level of unemployment and household disposable incomes in the UK. In this case an alarming pattern is seen. On the one hand, levels of unemployment have been increasing in recent years with a rise from 0.86m in 2007 to 1.53m in 2011. However, conversely, the levels of disposable income of individual households during the period has consistently risen from ÂÂ £14,308 per household in 2007 to ÂÂ £16,042 per household in 2011 (Tutt, 2012). For Next and other premium end retailers this may have a key impact upon strategy. While th ere may be few customers able to by the products and services of Next due to rising unemployment, those who have remained in employment have generally become wealthier. As a result it is likely that such economic patterns may help Next to improve its average spend per customer, even if the total number of customers falls. Social-Cultural There are many social and cultural changes taking place in the UK at present which may have a high level of impact upon the performance of fashion retailers such as Next. In many cases, as representatives of an essentially socio-cultural industry, the fashion industry itself may be seen as an industry which is affected by such trends to a greater degree than other industries (Curtis et al, 2007). One of the key issues in the UK market, but also seen across Nexts wider European markets is the general aging of the population (Parliament UK, 2012). This may be seen as both problematic but also an opportunity for Next. One the one hand, an ageing population may see Next having to adapt its product portfolio in an attempt to ensure that the products supplied by company appeal to this aging demographic of the population. In addition, the prospect of an aging population may also see that competition for the increasingly smaller younger demographics of the market becomes more inten se for Next as time progresses. Despite these drawbacks, there are also advantages linked to the issue. On consideration is that ageing populations tend to be less mobile than younger demographics, this may be a key advantage for Next given that its home delivery and online business model offer a convenient solution to the problem. Other socio-cultural factors include the consideration that the UK has since World War Two become an increasingly culturally diverse nation with an influx of diverse cultures, races and ethnicities all contributing towards the socio-cultural backdrop of the UK social system (Shepherd, 2010). For Next, this has not only external implications such as those linked to aligning product ranges to specific cultural segments, in attrition, the company musty also ensure that it deals with issues such as managing diversity in the context of its own organisation. In this case, increased cultural diversity can be seen as both a source of a competitive advan tage yet also a potential source of conflict (Liff, 1997, Ivancevich et al, 2010). As EU expansion takes place and the new member states become further integrated into the EU, there is a distinct possibility that the trends for increased diversity in the UKs labour and consumer markets will increase rather than decrease. Technological There is little doubt that new technological developments have transformed the UK business environment, especially those operating in the retail sector. Key developments may be seen as those technologies which are internet or communications based in nature, such as the wide spread diffusion of broad band (Jobber, 2007). Key technological developments such as the internet have allowed firms such as Next to develop online business models which complement traditional bricks and mortar retail establishments. Empirical evidence from the ONS (2009) on the subject shows that the growth has been almost exponential with a rapid acceptance on the behalf of customers of online shopping in both retail and other markets. Yet communications technologies have not only been used by the sector to facilitate online sales and shift away from the traditional high street place. Other aspects of new technological development have seen a range of new marketing options opened up to retailers su ch as Next. Most important amongst these are developments which have allowed retailers to interact with customers using online social networking sites such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. These are now seen as key ingredients in the development of a successful marketing strategy (Zarrella, 2010), largely the product of technological changes in the sector. Other technologies have simply allowed businesses to develop better relationships with their consumers and communicate in a more effective way. Take for instance the technological developments of smartphones and apps. Such technology has allowed companies to develop apps which allow consumers to find their nearest branch or check the facilities and product availability at a branch before making a visit. This allows an effective bridge to be built between the purely online business model such as those operated by a company like Amazon and those falling into the bricks and clicks category (McGoldrick, 2002) such as Next w ho must seek to leverage the benefits of both arms of the business. While technology in this section has largely been presented as an opportunity, there is of course a risk factor. Many have expressed concerns over the abandoning of the high street as consumers flock to online business models. The case is illustrated only too recently with the example of Jessops going into administration, a business which may be seen as falling victim to technological developments (Goodley, 2013). Legal Like all businesses, Next must conform to the legal minimum standards which are enforceable in a jurisdiction. The case of Nexts UK operations legal elements may be seen as more complex given that the company must comply with both UK law and EU law. Some of the key legal regulations which affect Next in the UK are considered below: Minimum wage legislation A key piece of legislation in the UK which affects organisations such as Next with a large number of low paid workers is that of various minimum wage regulations. In this case, the legislation requires UK employers to pay their employees a minimum of ÂÂ £6.19 per hour for those aged over 21 (Gov UK). Given the large number of employees of firms such as Next which are affected by the National Minimum Wage, temporary shifts in legislative policy can have a high impact upon the sector. Other key legislative issues include equal opportunities legislation and various other acts of parliament designed to ensure equalit y both in the work place and in the recruitment and selection process (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010). In this case, such legislation has a direct impact upon the processes and practises of an organisation such as Next who are required not only to design corporate polices which facilitate equality but also to record activities related to recruitment and selection should an employee call foul at a later date. The issue here for businesses such as Next is that the legislative environment often places the burden of proof on the defendant rather than the claimant in such cases. As such, the development of detailed HR processes and practises is critical (Bratton and Gold, 2007). Further issues relate to potential moves on the behalf of legislators to become tougher in relation to issues of tax avoidance. While Next has to date not been implicated in any of the tax avoidance scandals, there is a consideration that the actions of other retailers such as Starbucks and Amazon (Syal, 2012) may have provoked the onset of a tougher legislative environment in the future which may have an impact upon innocent parties such as Next. Environmental The physical environment is also a key issue for firms operating in any given national market and consideration should be considered two how firms treat the physical environment and the impact this has on the business, but also the impact the physical environment generally has upon a business. In general terms, the physical environment which Next operates within in the UK may be seen as relatively benign in comparison to other parts of the world which suffer from high intensity natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes and forest fires. Despite such an environment there have been a number of environmental issues recently in the UK which have affected the retail sector. These have included increasing more frequent floods (Retail Bulletin, 2013) and poor sales due to snow storms and the failure of local authorities to prepare for periods of inclement weather (Hall, 2011). Other aspects of the environmental analysis require firms to consider their own impact upon the environment. In general terms, the literature (Parsons and MacLaran, 2009) considers that consumers are becoming increasing aware of the impact of businesses upon their environment. As such, if businesses are to maintain customer loyalty and avoid negative backlashes, then they must seek to minimise their impact upon the environment. In the retail sector, this may include reducing waste, running more efficient transport operations and implementing ethical sourcing policies. While failure to comply with such consumer demands may result in a negative consumer backlash, with the adoption of the right approach, high environmental credentials can be used to add value to a product or service. Such an example is seen in the Marks and Spencer (2013) and Body Shop business models in the retail sector. Conclusion Having reviewed the key factors within the macro level environment as presented in the PESTLE framework, it is possible to come to a number of conclusions in relating the model to Next and its UK operations. On the one hand, it would appear that the external environment is a significantly challenging one for Next with the prospect of further poor economic performance and a requirement to comply with what may be seen as a relatively tough legislative environment. However, the PESTLE factors would also seem to indicate that there are some large opportunities for Next in the UK. Such opportunities include the ability to borrow at low interest rates to fund capital expansion and increased opportunities to link technological developments to changes in the social fabric of society in order to drive more sales through web based platforms. Other factors such as changing technologies and increases in diversity may be seen as neither positive or negative intrinsically but still require some change on the behalf of Next. Having reached these conclusions, the final opinion of the writer is that the external environment is essentially neutral for Next at the moment and that the success of the business will be largely dependent upon whether managers of the business capitalise upon the stated opportunities or allow the challenges to see Next becoming another casualty of the death of the high street. Bibliography Arnold, G. (2008). Corporate financial management. 4th ed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. BBC News. (2012). UK economy in double dip recession. Available online at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17836624 [Accessed on 18/01/13]. BoE. (2010). Bank of England maintains bank rate at 0.5% and the size of the asset purchase program at ÂÂ £200 billion. Available online at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/news/2010/084.htm [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Bratton, J, Gold, J. (2007). Human resource management theory and practise. 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. CIA. (2013). World fact book UK. Available online at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Pilbeam, S, Corbridge, M. (2010). People resourcing and talent planning. 4th ed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Curtis, E, Watson, H, Sephton, L. (2007). Fashion retail. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. FT. (2012). UKs Euro trade supremacy under attack. Available online at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/736bd72a-3c9a-11e2-a6b2-00144feabdc0.html [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Goodley, S. (2013). Jessops goes into administration, putting 2,000 jobs at risk. Available online at: https://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/jan/09/jessops-verge-administration-jobs-risk [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Gov UK. (2013). National minimum wage rates. Available online at: https://www.gov.uk/national-minimum-wage-rates [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Grant, R, M. (2008). Contemporary strategy analysis. 6th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Hall, J. (2011). Snow costs Next and HMV ÂÂ £42m in lost Christmas sales. Available online at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8240799/Snow-costs-Next-and-HMV-42m-in-lost-Christmas-sales.html [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Ivancevich, J, M, Konopaske, R, Matteson, M, T. (2010). Organisational behaviour and management. 9th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Irwin. Liff, S. (1997). Two routes to managing diversity: individual differences or social group characteristics. Employee relations. Vol. 19. No. 1. pp11-26. Marks and Spencer. (2013). Plan A Doing the right thing. Available online at: https://plana.marksandspencer.com/we-are-doing/sustainable-raw-materials/stories/6/ [Accessed on 14/01/12]. Next. (2012). Annual report 2012. Available online at: https://ir2.flife.de/data/next/igb_html/index.php?bericht_id=1000007index=lang=ENG [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Parliament UK. (2012). Aging population. Available online at: https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/the-ageing-population/ [Accessed in 13/01/13]. Retail Bulletin. (2013). Its time for retailers to prepare for the worst and adapt to climate extremes. Available online at: https://www.theretailbulletin.com/news/its_time_for_retailers_to_prepare_for_the_worst_and_adapt_to_climate_extremes_07-01-13/ [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Shepherd, J. (2010). Englands schools are becoming more diverse. Available online at: https://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/jan/20/schools-more-diverse [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Syal, R. (2012). Amazon, Google and Starbucks accused of diverting UK profits. The Guardian Newspaper. Available online at: https://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/nov/12/amazon-google-starbucks-diverting-uk-profits [Accessed on 18/01/13]. Telegraph. (2012). Budget 2012: Corporation tax cut will boost UK but not enough. Available online at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/budget/9158950/Budget-2012-Corporation-tax-cut-will-boost-UK-but-not-enough.html [Accessed on 24/11/12]. Tutt, L. (2012). Market report 2012 Gambling and betting. Key Note. Oct 2012. World Bank. (2012). GDP annual growth %. Available online at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG [Accessed on 12/01/13]. Zarrella, D. (2010). The social media marketing book. California: OReilly Media.

Financial Intermediation and Economic Development in Nigeria

Abstract Financial intermediation is an important activity in the economy because it allows funds to be channeled from people who might otherwise not put them to productive use to people who will ultimately put the funds to productive uses. In line with the assumption that banking sector plays an important role in financing the investment projects, successive governments in Nigeria have carried out reforms and institutional innovations in the banking sector. The overall intention of these reforms has been to ensure financial stability so as to influence the growth of the economy and also enhance banks to play a critical role of financial intermediation in Nigeria. However, despite the fact that Nigerian banks have undergone series of†¦show more content†¦The efficiency and effectiveness of financial intermediation in any economy depend critically on the level of development of the country’s financial system. 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Gangs A Brotherhood of Violence Essay - 500 Words

What is brotherhood? How does it apply to those involved? Why does it exist? Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines brotherhood as â€Å"an association for a particular purpose.† To gang members, young and old, brotherhood is an escape from society’s constant pressure to fit in, to succeed, to conform to social norms. It is within a brotherhood that gang members find peace and comfort. Brotherhood is a way of life; it is the very essence that allows a gang to thrive in the metropolis of violence. One gang oath states: I will stand by my brother, my brother will come before all others, my life is forfeited should I fail my brother, I will honor my brother in peace and war. Within the confines of a gang, brotherhood becomes an idol, something†¦show more content†¦Brotherhood blurs the reality for gang members; they no longer fret about the retribution and wrath of the law. They are willing to protect their liked ones at any cost. The fear no longer lies in d eath but in dishonoring a brother. Revenge is imminent when a fellow brother has been disrespected or killed. Becoming part of the lifestyle means the end of the current life and the start of a new one devoted to honoring and upholding a tradition, brotherhood means family and family does not get left behind. Despite bringing acceptance, which seems to be for the greater good, brotherhood within a gang is not all rainbows and baby unicorns; it presents a dark and morbid side effect. Brotherhood readily accepts the challenge of keeping the gang pure and prevents infiltration, whether that is battles with rival gangs, or protecting brothers from threats outside the brotherhood. Constant rivalries and power struggles on the street present gangs an opportunity to apply how brotherhood affects them. To return the favor of getting to be part of some Brotherhood numbs gang members and allows for all reasoning to be lost. It keeps them alive and yet causes them to die. To honor the brotherhood that has been â€Å"graciously† given to them, they must kill or be killed. To think that getting to be a part of a brotherhood without having to give anything return is quite naà ¯ve. The price to pay to be part of a family and to belong seems absurd, given the fatality is inevitable in such aShow MoreRelatedThe Brotherhood : The Aryan Brotherhood Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most infamous prison gangs is the Aryan Brotherhood. Few details about their earliest days are known, but they quickly became known and feared by the 1970s. They are ruthless, dangerous, and brutal. Founded during the civil rights movement, white supremacist inmates at the San Quentin prison created a gang of their own for protection. Over time, as their power grew, so did their criminal activity. Also known as The Brand, they are among six major prison gangs that are recognized nationallyRead MoreShould Prison Gangs Become More Prevalent Inside Our Nation s Prison System? Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pages Prison gangs within the penal system are problematic and a multifaceted issue for several reasons. One reason gangs are so problematic in the penal system is due to the threat they impose on others, including other types of gang-bangers, non-gang affiliated inmates, correctional staff, pr ison administration, and the overall security of the facility itself. According to research, â€Å"A composite measure of gang misconduct represents the threat that particular gangs pose to prison order† (Gaes, WallaceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book My Dead Brother 1482 Words   |  6 Pagesshooting which shows how the violence is already started in the book. The story takes place in Harlem, New York, which is where the author was raised. Many believe that the book is based on Walter Dean Myers experience growing up in Harlem. Harlem has gone through several changes since the beginning of the 20th century, which is closely depicted in the book. One of the more recent time period from the 90’s to the present. During this time there was and still is a strong gang influence on the communityRead MoreOrganized Crime Group Analysis1527 Words   |  7 Pageshaving knowledge of how organized crime began we have a better understanding of where it is today. So as a team we decided to research the organization The Aryan Brotherhood. Originally named the Diamond Tooth Gang in 1967, a group of men gathered in the prison yard of San Quentin, to form their own racially motivated prison gang. These men mostly consisted of neo-Nazi, white supremist, long haired biker types. They formed an alliance to protect themselves and strike against the group ofRead MoreSecurity Threat Groups And Prison Gangs1665 Words   |  7 PagesSecurity threat groups and prison gangs are responsible for a lot of the crimes that occur in prison. Well-organized and highly structured prison gangs who have leaders and influences have been around decades. Gangs in prison can be described as groups whose activities pose a real threat to the safety of the institutional staff and other inmates and also to security of the correctional institution (Beth, 1991). These gangs always have strong leaders and use that leadership role to their advantageRead MoreBra Boys:blood is thicker then water777 Words   |  4 Pagesevents. In the instance Br a boys; Blood is thicker then water, directed by Sunny Abberton, the Bra Boys gang is viewed as a imitation of a prodigious brotherhood gang of surfers that are victims from occurrences and backgrounds opposed to a gang that dispute with the law by an act of violence. The Bra Boys have interpreted issues and events by emphasizing the importance of family, belonging, brotherhood and multiculturalism. The use of presenting constructed footage and personal interviews endorses viewersRead MoreThe Brotherhood Crusade Youth Service Center1329 Words   |  6 Pagesworker include opening a youth center, I enjoyed my visit at the Brotherhood Crusade Youth Source Center. Brotherhood Crusade Youth Service Center is located at 4401 Crenshaw Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. It is a non-profit community based facility with many components. Programs they provide are Youth Development, Financial Literacy, Business Enrichment and Sports. According to their website, the mission of Brotherho od Crusade is to remove and/or help individuals overcome the barriersRead MoreThe Security Threat Of Prisons And Police Officers1224 Words   |  5 PagesSTGs There are many dangerous gang in prison and out on the streets that are a security threat to prison staff and to public. These groups are called STGs or Security Threat Groups (gangs). Prisons and police officers try to control these gangs as much as possible so there could be the least threat as possible. Some of the main security threat groups are: The Aryan Brotherhood, The Ku Klux Klan, The Folks, The Nation of Islam, and MS 13. These 5 groups are a major threat to prison staffRead MoreGangs : A Little Short Of A Century Ago1343 Words   |  6 Pagesof a century ago, gangs begin to form. Gangs are essentially an organized group of people. Not all gangs are bad, but the majority and those, in which I will speak on, participate in activities such as murder crimes, theft, drugs, money laundering, etc. These groups of people do not have a certain age or gender acceptance. Usually, the males are the higher members in the gang, but the women also commit crimes. There is milli ons of gang members all across the United States. Gangs are believed to haveRead MoreGangs: Past and Present886 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Gangs are groups of three or more people who band together for protection, socialization, or financial gain. By joining, members take on a common identity of the gang.† (Staff, 2014) Gangs have existed in America since the American Revolution. The presence of gangs has increased in the U.S.; they affect almost 3,550 jurisdictions as of 2007. (Staff, Gangs, ProQuest LLC., 2014) In recent years, they have even corrupted the most secure organizations, such as the armed forces and professional sports

Honor And Dueling Analysis Essay Example For Students

Honor And Dueling Analysis Essay A duel was a prearranged combat with lethal weapons between two people, usually taking place under formal arrangements. Each side had a witness, called seconds. The usual cause of a duel is an insult given by one person to the other or over a question of honor. The challenged person has the right to set the place, time, and weapons. Duels have generally been fought early in the morning in secluded places. (Encarta Duel)Dueling to avenge ones honor has never been legal, dueling has been marked by laws opposing it. The practice became popular in Europe after the famous challenge between King Charles V of Spain and Francis I of France. When war was declared on Spain in 1528 by Francis, he annulled the treaty between the two countries, Francis was challenged to a duel after being accused of ungentlemanly conduct by the Spanish ruler. The duel never did take place because making arrangements was to difficult, but this incident influenced the manners of Europeans so that gentlemen everywhe re thought they were entitled to avenge slights on their honor by having similar challenges. (Encarta Duel)Duels involving honor were so prevalent in France that Charles IX issued an ordinance in 1566 that was death to anyone participating in a duel. This became a model for later edicts against dueling. Dueling however did survive longer than monarchy in France. Dueling became a technique for resolving political disputes. (Britannica Duel) The duel was intensely popular in England, during Restoration. Legislation during the 17th century had little effect on suppressing the practice. The English Common Law declares that killing in a duel to be held as murder, but juries rarely convicted in cases of dueling until the custom had ceased to be popular during the reign of Queen Victoria. (Encarta Duel)The earliest form of dueling was the judicial duel or trial by battle. The judicial duel was established because solemn affirmation, or swearing of oaths, in legal arguments had led to exten sive perjury and the ordeal has too much of a chance of being manipulated by the priests. If one man declares before a judge that his opponent was guilty of a crime and the accused said that his accuser is lying, the judge would order the two to meet in a duel. The judge then stipulated the conditions as to the place, time, and weapons. The combatants had to guarantee their participation by throwing down a gauntlet and his opponent accepted by picking it up. It was believed in such a situation that the right could not be beaten and the loser, if still alive would be dealt with by the law this was thought to be the judgement of God and could not be wrong. This form of trial was open to all free men and sometimes serfs. Women, church clergy, the sick, and men under 20 or over 60 could claim exemption. In some cases persons under trial could appoint champions to fight for them, but the person on trial as well as his defeated champion were both subject to legal punishment. (Britannica D uel)The rapier was introduced to Italy in the 16th century, the rapier was a long, thin, lightweight sword, was held one hand, in the other was a dagger, and later a folded cloak which replaced the shield. The use of the rapier spread throughout Europe as the Italian fencing technique. In England and France, the shape and size of the rapier were constantly being modified because of its weight and length made it clumsy to carry around. (Encarta Fencing) When the rapier came to England not all Englishmen adapted well to this southern European innovation. The rapier was once criticized for its slender, easily broken blade, its large hilt and great length which made it difficult to draw. The term rapier is unclear as to where it originated it could be ascribed to the German word rappen, to tear; the Spanish word raspar, to scratch. (Bull 96)Works CitedDuel. Britannica.com Encyclopaedia Britannica a href=http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,31895+1,00.htmlhttp://www.britann ica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,31895+1,00.htmlMicrosoft Works for Windows 98 (1999). Computer program. WA: Microsoft Bull, Stephen. An Historical Guide To Arms And Armor. Ed. Tony North. New York: Facts On File, 1991. .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 , .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .postImageUrl , .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 , .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:hover , .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:visited , .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:active { border:0!important; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:active , .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704 .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u108038b687d552b0a32cd45fb94fc704:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Analysis of The Coldest Winter Ever Essay

What Happened In World War II Essays - , Term Papers

What happened in World War II? The war didn't just start one day. Many events led up to this vivid memory. The whole thing is based on propaganda and beliefs of a man named Aldof Hitler. In January 1933 he became chancellor of Germany. As soon as he was in office he put laws on the Jews community. Germany became obsessed with power and soon they are invading Poland, Britain, Norway, Holland, Denmark, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. War was on. The war was a war on the world. Throughout Europe war was lose. The Holocaust was in full swing. Jews were being sent to camps by the train full. Normandy invasion caused over 10,000 deaths and that was just on the French side. The Battle of the Bulge was a huge surprise attack, which caused German to lose tons of skilled labors. Germany was determined, they fought until May 1945. The United States was in a battle for life with Japan. In December 1941 Japan dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor causing the day to be know as "The day of Infamy." This was the start of the US battles. The US became paranoid and placed Japanese Americans in Internment camps'. Japan and the US fought continuously over land. The Battle of Midway, and Iwo Jima were two of the biggest battles, the US won both. Japan still wouldn't give up. They continued to fight and began a plan of attack. They had a top-secret weapon, the atomic bomb. The atomic bomb was dropped in two major cities, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki. 75,000 people died, Japan gave up. The war ended on August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. The US hit Japan where it hurt, and the damages are unforgettable. In May 1945 German gave up, and surrendered causing a victory for the allies. The over all lose was huge, millions of Jews, millions of Americans, millions of Japanese, millions and millions of people all over the world paid the ultimate sacrifice through out this tireless war, death.

Lincoln and His Generals essays

Lincoln and His Generals essays Book Report: Lincoln and His Generals Harry T. Williams was born on May 19, 1909. When in college, he was encouraged by a professor to study history. This professors main interest was the Civil War era and had a great effect on Williams. He attended Platteville State Teachers College (later Wisconsin State University at Platteville) where he received a B.Ed in 1931. Williams continued education into graduate school was mainly due to the lack of work during the Great Depression. He went on to earn a Ph.M. in 1932, and Ph.D. in 1937, from the University of Wisconsin (Dawson 431). Lincoln and His Generals was the breakthrough book for Williams who had only written one book previously. This book provided him with many national and local acclaims. He book was on the best seller list, he received rave reviews in national publications, and scholarly awards where he was teaching at the time, L.S.U. He would go on to become a very respected writer during his forty-year career. He would also win the Pulitzer Prize in 1970 for his book Huey Long (437). Williams main theme in Lincoln and His Generals is about the Civil War being the first modern war and Lincolns function in the position of President. He introduces the state of the Union army as one that has no shape to it. This includes the lack of any plan of attack, as the thought of war had not been translated into any type of scheme. The armies lacked organization and communication, and existing qualified generals were old and inept. The first task that Lincoln had was the immediate selection of Generals. Lincolns selection process was sometimes based on political and personal grounds, and he was in the position of selecting from a pool of generals that had no experience leading a large army. Williams tells us that even if the selection was for political reasons, Lincoln had the national cohesion in mind. It appears that control was ...

International Trade Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Trade Operations - Essay Example ed many individual countries lowering the customs tariffs and other trade barriers resulting in the opening of new market opportunities for the operations of the trade. This opens new business prospects for the organizations dealing in the international business operations as it might prove favorable for Content Cow Dairy, Inc as well. Along with this, WTO always intends to implement the trade rules, policies and regulations in an appropriate manner based on the specifications of the countries thereby maintaining the transparency in the operations of the business. Along with this, WTO also tries to resolve the disputes associated amid trade relationships with the help of its varied rules and policies so as to ensure the free flowing of the business processes. This in turn enhances the satisfaction level and the reliability of the people over WTO. Apart from this, WTO also enhances and sustains the trading opportunities thereby improving the revenue of the countries (World Trade Organ ization, 2012). Hence, as WTO plays an essential part in trade related functions, these details are mandatory for you, in order to expand the business functions. Disputes are referred to as disregarding promises according to WTO. A dispute mainly arises when a country accepts a particular trade policy or acquires certain actions which are considered to be inappropriate by one or more fellow WTO members on the basis of the agreements. The procedure of settling the disputes in WTO is the responsibility of the Dispute Settlement Body, which comprises of all its expert members. WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body also includes certain stages which include consultation comprising of at least 60 days. Prior taking any actions, both the countries are asked to make mutual settlement of the dispute... The conclusion from this review states that the news of international expansion of Content Cow Dairy, Inc in order to enhance its reputation and brand image is one of the significant ideas which is highly appreciable. Notably, before expansion of the business dealing in dairy products in the market of Egypt, it is essential to obtain brief details about World Trade Organization (WTO) and its operations in the current structure of global markets. This is mandatory because many organizations dealing in the agricultural products are also highly penalized by WTO, thereby, increasing the tariffs, which rather proved detrimental for the business. The World Trade Organization (WTO) intends to manage and ease the global trade operations. The WTO is the only worldwide international association dealing with the policies and the rules of trade relationships existing amid two or more nations. At the heart are the accords of WTO, discussed and signed by the entire mass of the world’s tradi ng nations. Thus, WTO is an organization where the associated members of the government attempt to solve the global trade related issues so as to ease the operations. Industrialization is the procedure of social and economic alteration that transforms the trade relations of the country. As a result of the development of new expertise, skills and techniques, the knowledge of the human beings are also improving resulting in the augmentation of the international trade operations.

Appraise Qualitative Data - Criminal Justice Essay

Appraise Qualitative Data - Criminal Justice - Essay Example An effective research process should however involve identification and reporting of negative evidence. This is due to the reality that presence of negative evidence indicates that there is likelihood that certain conditions exist (Aselin, Gallucci & DeCoster, 2013). Identifying and reporting negative evidence is important in qualitative research because it allows the researcher to determine the differences and similarities of the gathered data (Evans, 2013). In this sense, a researcher is able to analyze divergent views on a specific topic before inferences can be made. Identifying negative evidence enables a researcher to analyze concepts more objectively. Bias towards research evidence which supports the beliefs or hypotheses of a researcher can be avoided if negative evidence is identified and reported in the research processes (Palys & Atchison, 2012). Qualitative research involves reflection on findings before making conclusions (Aselin, Gallucci & DeCoster, 2013). It is through the identification of negative evidence that a researcher can reflect on the meaning of different viewpoints and as a result make nonbiased conclusions. When researchers report negative evidence, there demonstrate that the gathered information is accountable and therefore reliable. Data analysis procedures are more accountable when researchers consider both the supporting and opposing evidence (Bottoms & Tankebe, 2012). Negative evidence should be reported so that absence of evidence does not demonstrate lack of accountability in the data gathering and analysis stages of a research (Hagan, 2011). Empirical research is often reviewed by peers. During the review, the gathering and analysis of data is evaluated in line with procedures used by the researcher. Such procedures can only be doomed to be accountable and reliable if negative evidence is identified and reported by the researcher (Aselin, Gallucci & DeCoster, 2013). The coding of qualitative

Communication styles Essay Example for Free

Communication styles Essay The impact of communication in marriage cannot be overemphasized as it is the main method of solving any crisis or conflict arising. There are different communication styles that can be applied in a marriage, expressiveness, driving, and relativity or analytical are forms of communication that may be used in marriage. Expressers get excited personal, waste time with too many facts or even show emotion to their partners while those with driving communication styles become very decisive and offer strong view points. Those who are relative in the way they are communicating, like positive attention and may want their partners to be helpful. This group of persons however, shies off when real problems come in especially when it comes to handling the children. This communication style is used by young marriages where partners just about 25 years of age get married. Communications styles can also be described as passive, assertive or aggressive. Passive forms communication involves putting the tights of the other partner before yours i.e. minimizing your own self worth at the expense of the marriage. Being assertive means that one partner in the marriage stands up for his or her rights while maintaining respect for the other i. e. all the partners in the marriage are all equal. Aggressiveness is a communication style that ensures that a wife or a husband stands up for his pr her right and in the process violate the rights of the other. This style of communication is usually the worst and may lead to divorce in extreme cases. Marriage resiliency Marriage resiliency is the couple’s capacity to develop and cultivate strengths from each other for the common good of the marriage in order ton meet their challenges . Resiliency can be defined to describe the responsive capabilities, social dynamics that foster health development of the marriage. Resiliency starts from an individual capacity to a family and community level making sure that the marriage bounces back after experiencing non-normative and expected challenges. Family resilience is characterized by invariant approaches that are dimensioned to help families resist any form of disruption in the face of change and become adaptive when a crisis occurs. Immigration and marriage Marriages are usually negatively affected by immigration procedures. Different countries have different laws governing the marriage of its citizens to non-citizens. It is usually an impediment to couples’ relationships because certain laws may offer recognition to one of the partner and the other is left out. However, with the emergence of dual citizenship rights, the issue may in the near future become a thing of the past. ‘Till death do us part? ’ This figure of speech is common in all wedding ceremonies and the couple getting married solemnly swear to the congregation that they will remain together till death do them part. Most critics believe that as long as there are increased cultural differences, modernization of societies and increases in domestic violence, the metaphor no longer makes sense. Every man and woman believes that they can live happily with each other especially when it is based on the performance of the two during courtship. This is not usually the case because immediately after marriage, the two members start quarrelling over this or that. This is the major contributing factor to the family problems and other domestic issues that families experience these days. It has been said that the more society becomes complicated, the more marriages become complicated and finally the more families become complicated. It is however, recommended that a personal commitment to each other within the marriage become the kingpin of the relationship. Lessons learnt from writing on marriage It has been interesting while researching on this topic. It is one of the research works that not only serves as an academic tool but also provides a learning opportunity for a person like me. Marriage is part and parcel of life and majority of the young people would dream of having better lives in future through marriage. Most young people believe that to secure there future and their old age days, they need to have married properly and have children who will look after the in future. Going through the types of marriages, its integration to the family setting and the importance of knowing the exact roles of each partner in a marriage is particularly useful. The various rules and boundaries that must be set to ensure the sustainability and stability of a marriage gives one an overview of how it is possible to develop them in real life situations through the experiences of other people and such kind of research. Therefore, this is one of the rare opportunities in life where one gets to learn more about what directly affects him or her in life. Personally, I feel grateful for the work I have done on this subject and I feel obliged to tell others about the integration of marriage systems in our families to enable them form good families now and in the future Questions for further research Marriage as part of a family practice continues to be complex especially with the emergence of contradicting legislation and complex societies; there is need for further research on; the impacts of different types of marriages on the extended families, development of policies and laws, and the society in general . What are the solutions to these? And what could be the role of governments and learning institutions in maintaining and making sure that marriages serve the purposed they are intended to. Other issues of concern are the ability of people to adopt resilience as a way of recovering from married related violence such as divorce, is divorce the answer to breaking marriages? With advancement in technology including foster mothers, test tube babies and the like, what could be the implications of these in cultural marriages and societies? Conclusion Marriages are forming a family. Marriage roles, rules, resilience abilities, communication styles, and spouse differences are issues that can affect the formation, development and improvement. Good marriage values are important not only for family cohesion but also for societal cultural maintenance. Challenges regarding re-orientation of the marriages within a family are many and common in this modern society, the problem is the manner in which they are currently addressed. References Antonovsky, A. , Sourani, T (1988): Family sense of coherence and family adaptation.Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 79-92 Kaufman, J. , Ziegler, E. (1987): Do abused children become abusive parents? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 186-192 McCubbin, H. , Patterson, J. M. (1983): The family stress process; The Double Helix ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation, Social stress and the family: Advances in family stress theory and research New York pp. 7 -38. Nichols, M. , Schwartz, R. (2000): Family communications: Concepts and methods, 5th edition, Needham Heights press Rolland, J. S. , Weine, S. (2000): Kosovar Family Professional Educational Collaborative. AFTA Newsletter, 79, 34-43 Rutter, M. (1987): psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-330 Stacey, J. (1990): Brave new families: Stories of domestic upheaval in late 20th century America. New York: Basic Books. Walsh, F. , McGoldrick, M (1998): Families in later life: Challenge and opportunities. The expanded life cycle Needham Heights, MA: pp. 307-327 Walsh, F. , McGoldrick, M (1991): Living beyond loss: Death in the family. New York: Norton.

Cloning :: essays research papers

Cloning humans is a threat to our society. It presents a vast number of problems that arise with each new discovery. The first is the decrease in distinct genetic make-up. Cloning also brings up many ethical points dealing with creation and psychological well being of clones. Cloning is such a new area of study that it requires a large amount of money and offers a lot of room for mistakes. The biggest problem with the use of cloning is the decline in genetic diversity. The biological definition of a clone is "an organism that has the same genetic information as another organism or organisms". This means that gene donors would obviously have the exact same DNA as their clones. If large groups of people have the same genetic information, a disease could instantaneously wipe out the entire population. Our genetic make-up is what makes us unique. It gives us a sense of individuality and distinctiveness. If many people had the same DNA, how would we preserve our diversity and sense of self? Human cloning also raises many ethical and moral issues. Different religious groups regard cloning in different ways, but most agree on one point. Cloning puts the work of God into our own hands. The creation of life then becomes a manufacturing of duplicates instead of a "creative act of God". It is also important to consider the repercussions of cloning on the cloned individual. Numerous psychological problems may arise if a person discovers that he or she was cloned. How would a child feel if they found out that they were created to be used to donate organs or replace a lost loved one? A cloned child may also feel obligated to follow the pre-determined path of their gene donor. This would bring about a lot of confusion and emotional damage for the individual. There is a great margin of error in the new technology of cloning. Because we are still developing these scientific procedures, there is a lot of room for mistakes. This means that in the process of experimenting, clones with great genetic abnormalities could be created. What would happen to these degenerate individuals? Should they live life as rejects of society or be disposed of as mistakes? Cloning is currently a very expensive process. It requires large amounts of money and biological expertise. It took 277 tries to create Dolly, the first successfully cloned sheep. New techniques are constantly being developed, but even they have a success rate of 2-3%.

Lvmh and Luxury Goods Marketing

1. Bernard Arnault has built LVMH into a luxury goods empire by making numerous acquisitions. Describe the strategy is being used here? Discuss why you agree or disagree with this type of strategy. If you disagree, what alternative tactics would you use? Actually Mr. Bernard Arnault, one of the richest men in the world who took control of LVMH in 1990, has been snapping up luxury brands during past two decades one after another. He has build LVMH into a luxury good empire by conducting a selective acquisition strategy with which I agree. Now LVMH has more than 60 brands under control and is still pursuing some others including the old famous family business; Hermes. LVMH structure is made up of Wines and Spirits, Fashion and Leather goods, Watches and Jewelry, Perfumes and Cosmetics and Selective Retailing. Although some may argue that there are issues such as lack of concentration on core business thereby exclusivity and rarity which are main characteristics of luxury brands can be faded, I firmly believe that not only has Mr. Arnault saved these special features of the business and is still focused on prestige, he has improved the profitability of each division by creating synergy between subsidiaries in terms of cost, corporate and management synergy. â€Å"Synergy, in general may be defined as two or more agents working together to produce a result not obtainable by any of the agent independently. Corporate synergy occurs when corporations interact congruently. A corporate synergy refers to a financial benefit that a corporation expects to realize when it merges with or acquires another corporation† (Synergy). As result of corporate synergy and this partnership, LVMH now has a bigger market share, wider range of products and less competition because the competitors are now members of the group and are all working together in a coordinated way. On top of that, they can take advantage of the existing selective retailing outlets to differentiate their products by adding value in their offering and demonstrate them as distinctive. Also, prestige, luxury and quality associated with the brand ‘LVMH’ influences every item being presented in these shops. â€Å"A cost synergy refers to the opportunity of a combined corporate entity to reduce or eliminate expenses associated with running a business. Cost synergies are realized by eliminating costs that are viewed as duplicate within the merged entity.† (Synergy) This means reducing; promotional and advertising costs, sales cost, shipping cost, travel cost and also some managerial cost such as certain executives, human resources and head quarters office cost which finally influences companies bottom-line. â€Å"Synergy in terms of management and in relation to team working refers to the combined effort of individuals as participants of the team. The condition that exists when the organization's parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone† (Synergy) As stated in the text of this case study,† Arnault implemented a corporate restructuring that groups the company’s subsidiaries into divisions. Previously, the heads of individual subsidiaries reported directly to Arnault; now, division heads meet with him to discuss strategy. Notes Arnault, â€Å"It’s much more efficient, because it allows us to put into practice all the synergies between the different brands in a coordinated way.† Francesco Trapani, CEO of the Bulgari Gruop, the luxury brand recently acquired by LVMH, said: â€Å"The 2010 financial results show how the Company was able to brilliantly overcome the economic slump, reaping the benefits of the efficiency and cost containment strategy and therefore becoming more solid. At the same time, the intense creative and product development activity generated an even more competitive product offer, which enjoyed great success in all product categories.† (Knowel) He added: â€Å"At this positive moment of strong top-line growth, our alliance with the LVMH Group has created new synergies that will enable Bulgari to strengthen even more and pursue its long-term, worldwide growth.† (Knowel) In conclusion, I believe that Mr. Bernard Arnault has made LVMH into the word biggest luxury brand by adopting acquisition strategy and creating cost, corporate and management synergy between divisions of the group. 2. How do LVMH executives adjust prices in response to changing economic conditions, and why? In response to changing economic conditions, LVMH executives adjusted prices in sepcific ways in each market. In Asian markets, Patrick Choel, president of the perfume and cosmetics division has increased wholesale prices in order to discourage discount retailers from selling the products to consumers at low price. Instead, he has reduced the advertising budget to offset profitability in case the company faces a decline in sales. In countries where LVMH faced currency devaluation, managers raised the price to counteract the effect of currency depreciation. In Indonesia, the chairman of Vuitton, Mr. Yves Carcell canceled the plan for opening a new store. Since Japan market is sluggish and there has not been a sign of soon economic recovery, Japanese consumers are reluctant to invest in stock market. Mr. Arnault figured out the difference between Japan where most of his business is, and the rest of Asia. He noted: â€Å"Japan is in a growth slump, but it isn’t going to have the same difficulties as Korea or Indonesia†. Japanese had not many other spending option and executives decided to raise prices at Louis Vuittons Japanese store. Also Louis Vuiton manageres has worked closely with tour operators to predict the number of Japanese tourists traveling in Asia and to Hawaii whom 75% of sales depends on. At peak of tourism, they increase the price by 10 to 22 percent to maximize profit. Furthermore LVMH took advantage of crisis by renegotiating store leases in Asian cities. In some cases, the company extended lease terms longer than before and reduced the rate by as much as one-third which resulted saving for the company. The overall result has been an increase in price and the rationale behind this decision is the fact that price perception is a critical component of luxury goods’ appeal. In fact, executives know that sales volume would decline sharply due to the effect of crisis and they have lost a big number of their customers. It is not a good time for expansion and opening new stores, so they decided to stay focused on the narrow market segment of their loyal customers. Those who still had notable disposable income shaped a niche market which was still large enough to be profitable. On the other hand, LVMH helped profitability by reducing the cost and cutting expenditures on advertisements. This was the adjustment executives made as opposed to the other alternative; reducing the price and presenting products to a bigger number of consumers. 3. Explain why some customer might think the high retail prices charged for luxury goods are worth paying? As peoples income increases, they are more willing to buy luxury goods because the demand of luxury items increase as people get wealthier. According to wikipedia.com once the consumption of luxury was limited to the elite classes which meant whatever the poor cannot have and the elite can was identified as luxury. Consumers are willing to pay high prices for luxury goods because the brand is associated with quality, durability, scarcity and beauty. In fact, consumers pay for these values that they obtain by purchasing a luxury item. â€Å"Several researchers focus on exclusivity dimension and argue that luxury evokes a sense of belonging to a certain elite group. Prof. Jean-Noel Kapferer, takes an experiential approach and defines luxury as items which provide extra pleasure by flattering all senses at once† (Luxury). Using luxury goods is a lifestyle and shows the wealth of consumer. These can also be reasons behind why some pay high retail prices charged for such items. 4. How were luxury goods marketers affected by the slowdown in tourism that followed especially after the attacks of September 11, 2001? If we take a look at marketing mix, we can see what has been affected by slowdown in tourism is place, where a good or service is presented. Luxury goods are mainly presented in duty free shops at airports, in hotels and attractive places as tourist destinations. With the slowdown in tourism, as people are less willing to travel, airports hotels and attractive places are not that busy compared to the days before September 11 terrorist attack. Even those who still travel might care less about luxury because their main concern is security during the flight and at destination. I think this is how luxury goods marketers were affected by slowdown in tourism.

The Role of Socialism and Capitalism in the American Society Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The prices are the drivers of the capitalist economy. Prices coordinate the millions of activities and ensure that everyone interest is served and leaves all parties better off. The price system has three major functions. It conveys information, provides an incentive to the production process and helps utilize available resources to the maximum. A free market is one of the benefits of capitalism. It is through the market that resources are equitably distributed to various sectors of the economy. The market forces of supply and demand enable people to get the best products in the market and at the appropriate price that relates to her or his disposable income. Capitalism has grown from the exchanges of goods in ancient time to the gold and silver and to the money economy. The money economy has enabled people from distance shore to trade and thus international trade had dominated the world since its inception in the 15th century. However, international trade has benefited some countri es over others and has led to the establishment of tariff to control exploitations and protect infant industries. The American industries have a competitive advantage over countries in Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Socialism and Capitalism in the American Society or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Capitalism has been the engine of industrialization and promotes economic growth of America s economy. The free market economy offers the best incentive for firms and individuals to innovate.